One way slabs bend in one direction only and transfer their loads to the two support beams in opposite directions. However main reinforcement bar and distribution bar in transverse direction. One of the accepted methods of calculating the "effective slab width," which is used by Hambro, actually appears in Section 317 of the British Standard Code of Practice CP114 and is reproduced in Fig. Compute the Total wt of steel required for slab reinforcement. As we know that density of Reinforced concrete is 25 KN/m3. Volume of steel is 1% of concrete. . Solution: Self-weight of the slab= slab thickness* concrete unit weight. Types Of Loads On Column: Self weight of the column x Number of floors. Sinusoidal stress distribution? fONE WAY JOIST FLOOR SYSTEM. Slab design is comparatively easy when compared with the design of other elements. From IS 456:2000 clause 26.5.2.1; the distribution reinforcement should be provided 0.12% of b D if high strength deformed bar or . = 0.15*24= 3.6 KN/m 2. The slab is cast-insitu reinforced concrete. the area Physical distance - the distance between a start point (origin) and end point (user computer) is a main factor, because of the limitation of the speed of light which is the maximum speed your packets can travel between these two points. This can only be reduced by moving content closer to the user. The coefficients by which approximate moments and shears are found is presented in Table-1. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Step 2 - Calculation of Cutting Length. 4.0 m 8.0m Loads carried by the slab are as follows: Unfactored dead load from self-weight of precast slabs, self-weight of steel beams and finishing = 5.5 kN/m 2 Unfactored imposed load = 4.3 kN/m Determine the . The basic steps to design a beam is, Assume the section size, grade of steel and concrete according to the structure to be built, Calculate the total UDL, point load and other loads if applicable, Calculate the factored moment, Revise the size and grade of materials if required, Calculate the area of steel required, structural load calculation, calculate load on beam, load beams, design calculation, concrete slab load capacity calculator, calculate the weight of i beam, beam design calculation, i beam load capacity calculator, beam load calculator, column, wall staircase Example: One-Way System. In this article, we are going to review load transfer from slab to beams using the three approaches; Use a design value table to find the Fb value for your floor joists. Provide min. Conclusion: This is how we can easily calculate and use the quantity of steel as per their types of . Numerical input variables may have a highly skewed or non-standard distribution. The minimum thickness can be determined by many factors: • Shear strength of beamless slabs (usually a controlling factor); slab must be thick enough to provide adequate shear strength • Flexural moment requirement (less often a governing factor) • Fire resistance requirements Load of walls per running meter. The load distribution in a one way slab is towards the supports, and is of rectangular pattern. 3. So, we can calculate slab load to be around 6 to 7 kN per square meter. As an example, consider a room with a floor area of 10 feet by 11 feet . 500 kg/m2 is typical for office, storage space and similar. Total Load of slab (Dead load + Live load + Self weight) The columns are also subjected to bending moments which have to be considered in the final design. The effect of the skew will be neglected in this analysis. If the axle load is at support, we should calculate the distribution factor for shear assuming the deck is simply supported by the stringers. One way slabs have less steel content. ; However be< 8.9(tc/h) in feet 8.9(2.5/4.5)(12) = 59 in. 2. Point Load: A load or weight subjected over a point area is called a point load.However, mathematically a point load doesn't look feasible, simply because any load will need to have a certain area of impact and cannot possibly balance over a point, but if the impact area is too small compared to the length of the beam, may be taken as defined. The definition of column and middle strips, the longitudinal and transverse moment distribution coefficients, and many other Dr. M.E. Check vertical shear : Put the load one slab depth away from the beam; x=h . One-way slab (ly/lx > 2) Long span: p . Most shear walls will have openings 4. Now, assume Finishing load to be 1 kN per meter and superimposed live load to be 2 kN per meter. Two-Way Concrete Floor Slab with Beams Design and Detailing . The area load is thus calculated as: w = q t w = 1.2 × 3 / 2 = 1.8 k i p / f t. A one-way system will divide up the area formed by the two . There is Westergaard's formula from 1930: 2* (load width) + 0.58L, which is comparable to the code above: load width + 0.6L, if you assume the load is at midspan. Some of the formulas can be obtained from Reynolds and Steedman (2005) for transfer of load from two-way slab to beams. When you apply a floor load to a slab pannel, the programme calculates the equivalent load and apply the load to the beams bordering the slab as a uniformly distributed load. 5.2 Shear distribution 57 5.2.1 Transversal shear force distribution in the slab 57 5.2.2 Transversal shear force distribution along the support 63 5.2.3 Observation of shear force fluctuations 67 5.2.4 Comparison to linear elastic results 69 6 DISCUSSION 71 7 CONCLUSIONS 72 8 FUTURE WORK 73 9 REFERENCES 74 APPENDIX A - SUPPORT MODELING 76 Transcribed image text: Load distribution and beam analysis (one-way slab) The following figure shows a floor plan of a steel building. In above figure (b) represents one way slab. Note that the amount of lateral distribution increases as the load moves closer to mid span, and reaches a maximum of 0.3L to each side; the . The deflection of a uniformly loaded flat plate, flat slab, or two-way slab supported by beams on column lines can be calculated by an equivalent frame method that cor-responds with the method for moment analysis. Floor finish load Dead Load: Self weight of the slab= Mass / Weight of the slab i.e. *****. 5. One-way slab (ly/lx > 2) Long span: p = nl x /2. b is the radius of relative stiffness. Answer (1 of 12): Hi, The Dead and Live loads acting on the slab may vary for Floor slab and Roof slab. A st as distribution bars in longer direction of slab. LL 2 DL 4. 5. Two way slabs bend in both directions, and transfer their loads and stresses . In this module the distance is calculated as 1.5 * "Radius of Relative Stiffness" given by the following equation: b = [ Ec d3 / (12 * (1-u2) * ks)] 0.25. This video explains how the slab load transfer to beams with tributary area of two way slab and one way slab with an example. k = aspect ratio = ly/lx. In this post, we are going to show how we can analyse and design cantilever slabs subjected to floor load and block work load. dimensions, live load, superimposed dead load, f~, fy Carry out the geometry check for use of direct design method; observe the limitation of the direct design method listed in Section 11.3.1 Obtain the minimum slab thickness for deflection requirements using Eqs. It wouldn't be too hard to calculate the distribution by hand calculations. Here the ratio of longer span of slab to the shorter span of slab is less or equals to 2. Step 1- Calculation of Numbers of Bars. 1- Claddings will work well ,distributing the load acurately mainly when load is distributed on cladding whole area. This paper highlights the use of Excel . of Bars. If the L/B ( Length/width) ratio is less than two, a two way slab is provided. Dead load of the slab 2. The slab supported on four sided with a ratio of longer to shorter span greater than 2 are also called as one way slab. Two Way Slab. Haque, P.E. Where. For IS 456:2000, the factor of safety is 1.5. The load on the slab is carried by the short span in one direction. However this is not the only criteria of a slab to be categorized as one way slab. This video discusses about how the load is distributed from slabs to the beams. As per Thumb rule for Steel required for RCC slab is ≈ 80 kg/m3, then quantity of steel required for 1 sq ft (0.0118 cubic meter) RCC slab is equal to = 80 × 0.01416 = 1.133 Kg. Their main steel in on shorter span length. Fig. In this module the distance is calculated as 1.5 * "Radius of Relative Stiffness" given by the following equation: b = [ Ec d3 / (12 * (1-u2) * ks)] 0.25. Also read: Difference between Tie Beam and Plinth Beam. For other loads (linear, concentrated, distributed on contour), the distribution can become VERY innacurate. One Way Slab Bar Bending Schedule Calculation. You do not have to calculate the equivalent load manually and apply them to the beams. Since the bounding polygon is a rectangle, we can easily calculate its area by multiplying the side lengths, and hence we have derived the tributary area of column D-1: 8m x 4m = 32m2. Since the girders are not directly supporting the slab, the system is considered one-way. There are two types of shear that need to be addressed Two-Way Slabs without beams One-way shear or beam shear at distance d from the column Two-way or punch out shear which occurs along a truncated cone. For slabs on beams, for one panel. Load capacity of simply supported concrete slabs. lx = length of short side pf the slab. The width of the slab strip to be used in the calculation is provided by AASHTO (Section 3.24.3.2) as follows (see Figure 6): The area load is thus calculated as: w = q t w = 1.2 × 3 / 2 = 1.8 k i p / f t. A one-way system will divide up the area formed by the two . The slab is cast-insitu reinforced concrete. If I change the load transfer type to be analytical, then it works fine. A floor slab is designed to support the imposed gravity load. BBS of One Way Slab. Total Dead load on Slab= 3.6+0.85= 4.45 KN/m 2. + Load spacing Overlapping influence zones may result in cumulative weak axis bending moments, and traditional engineering mechanics are not appropriate for a two-way slab problem with sinusoidal stress distribution. Once the loads are obtained, the component takes the load first i.e the slabs can be designed. Design the slab using the data given below; Purpose of building - Residential. Look for a stamp on the joist that indicates the lumber's species and grade. Design Strip Segments- absolutely the price of the distinction between the vertical shears at each end.Once multiple segments frame a span, the segments combined tributary areas are utilized in calculations.. 5. Self weight of beams per running meter. A slab supported on four adjacent beams with a ratio of longer span to shorter span less than two that carry the load by flexure in both perpendicular directions refers to a two way slab. 56. For moment and for determining the distribution steel, put the load in the center of the span. In the end, after calculating the entire load on a column, please do not forget to add in the factor of safety. FIrst, find number of rods required for main reinforcement and distribution. 3. L/B 2. One can distribute service load (unfactored load) to the beam or ultimate distributed load to the slab; use factored load for both dead load and live load of the slab according to the specifications of . Example: One-Way System. d is the slab thickness, inches. Punching Checks - Check the vertical reaction, whether it is zero or not.. 4. 11.10a and 11.10b Assume a thickness h for the slab; calculate the self-weight The first stage of the design is finding the bending moment of the slab panels. Transcribed image text: Load distribution and beam analysis (one-way slab) The following figure shows a floor plan of a steel building. After checking punching shear, I would distribute the load . Step 1. A one-way slab simply cuts the slab into two along its length forming a rectangle as shown in Grids B-C/1-2 and A-B/2-3 of Figure 3.1 below. Since the girders are not directly supporting the slab, the system is considered one-way. Therefore, the other three corners of the rectangle are defined by the outer boundary of the slab. Since load is distributed in only one direction, . Determination of Two way slab . carrying the load 2. Design the slab system shown in Figure 1 for an intermediate floor where the story height = 12 ft, column cross-sectional dimensions = 18 in. When a slab is supported on all four sides and the ratio of long span to short span is equal or greater than two, it will be considered as one way slab. If you are modeling the slab as plates and applying the load on the slab as a pressure loading on plates, the load distribution will be in both directions as plates are two way elements. While designing a two way slabs, we provide more steel so the depth of the slabs is reduced, hence the thickness of the two way slabs are less than that of the one-way slab. 2- same as cladding if you set it with no FE and trapezoidal load distribution method. Column offset 10% in each direction. Direct Design Method "D.D.M" Before Discussion Of this Method, we have to study some concepts: 1. Design Sections- absolutely the price of the shear.. With the higher than calculations, it's . The results obtained from the method are usually very conservative. 1.1: Load transfer in (a) One-way slab, (b) Two-way Slab (Nilson) Fig. Calculate the Value of 'D' (Depth of slab- Top cover- Bottom cover) Find out the No. Moment values would be comparatively higher along shorter direction ( stiffer ). 3. Spreadsheets can do basic calculations such as cost estimates, schedule and cost control, and markup estimation, as well as structural calculations of reactions, stresses, strains, deflections, and slopes. Openings in the slab system can be found on Section 8.5.4 of ACI 318M-14. Where; n = load from slab. This load travels from the floor slab to the beams that support it. Number of Distribution Bars = Lx / spacing + 1 = 3000/150 + 1 = 21 nos. 6. For one hour fire rating 0.75 clear concrete cover and 3 - 3.5 slab thickness is required. 1. Let us assume the following, Type of occupancy of the building = Office Building T. Members are prismatic. one-way slabs: slab designed for one-way bending; usually supported by beams or joists; the ratio of the long side to the short side of a slab panel usually exceeds 1.5 two-way slabs: slabs designed for two-way bending and shear; can be supported by beams, or directly by columns (flat plate); the ratio of the long side to the short side of a . Weight of steel = .01×0.125m3×8000kg/m3. Answer (1 of 7): Three types of load are considered while designing slab: 1. x 27 in., interior beam dimensions = 14 in. Thereafter, the vertical loads are calculated namely the dead load and live load. The same coefficients are presented in Figure-3 to Figure-6. Can use control joints to isolate piers Shear Walls: Building Layout Shear Walls 27 Slab thickness of 7 in. The normal live load distribution factor (as in Table 3.6) shall be applied to the rest The sections through a simply supported slab and a continuous slab are shown in figure below. Total weight = 312.5 kg+10kg. Edge beams with cantilever slabs Cantilever beams One-way slabs Two-way slabs . when a gap is maintained between the deck slab and . x 18 in., edge beam dimensions = 14 in. In this example, the pressure load from the slab is transferred directly to the beams. Pl/4 = 26.36 in.k ; 1.6 is the load factor and 12/59 is the distribution factor wtotal . Furthermore, how do you calculate water load on a slab? Can design only a portion to carry shear load, but need to ca detail rest of structure 5. c. Slab shear strength - two-way shear Check the adequacy of slab thickness for punching shear (two-way shear) at an interior column (Figure 4): Tributary area for two-way shear is 16 5.75 2 (18 14) ( ) 248.7 12 A Tributary u ft2 V q 0.193 248.7 48.0uu u u A Tributary kips do O Two-Way Concrete Floor Slab with Beams Design and Detailing. Dataset Information 1.2 Plotting Histogram. Short span: p = nl x /5. x 20 in., and unfactored live load = 100 psf. For two hour fire rating, 1 concrete cover and 4.5 thick slab is required. Response time of the origin server - the amount of time it takes a server to process and . . Many machine learning algorithms prefer or perform better when numerical input variables have a standard probability distribution. Two way slabs has more steel content as compared to the one way slabs. Dr. M.E. member supporting that area, ex. Two way slabs are such slabs in which the loads are shared by both the shorter and longer direction of the slab. 55. Two way slab design? Limitations: 1. Conclusion. 2. Three or more spans in each direction. One-way shear or beam shear at distance d from the column Two-way or punch out shear which occurs along a truncated cone. f ck = 25 . Note that the amount of lateral distribution increases as the load moves closer to mid span, and reaches a maximum of 0.3L to each side; the . Ec is the concrete elastic modulus, psi. What Is Tributary Area?The tributary area is defined as the area of floor or roof (in plan) that causes loading on a particular structural element.What is the meaning of tributary area?The tributary area is a loaded area that contributes to the load on the. 1. Step 5 - Calculation of Steel Weight. The deck slab is considered to be a one-way slab system due to its large aspect ratio (panel length divided by the panel width). For Main Bar. This sounds complicated, but the next few graphs and example problem makes • One-way slabs carrying predominantly uniform load are designed on the assumption that they consist of a series of rectangular beams 1 m wide spanning between supporting beams or walls. Solved Example. (Load Calculations) Page 1 of 6 Load Calculations According to ASCE 7: Minimum Uniformly distributed Live Loads for Building Design: . 1.133 Kg of steel is required per sq ft of 6-inch thick RCC slab. slab is an important part of the dead load of the structure. Distribution Bar. Dead Lo. Density *Area. Number of Required Bars Formula = (Length of slab / spacing) + 1. With Wisdom We Explore Design of One-Way Slab www.uthm.edu.my For uniformly distributed loads of w per square foot of the slab, each strip acts approximately like a simple beam uniformly loaded by its share of w; i.e., w a and w b Evaluate the length of the distribution bar. d is the slab thickness, inches. This procedure is called "Level Rule" Level Rule should only be applied to the axle load at the support. Some assumptions has to be made to understand the calculations of Dead and Live loads acting on the slab. 3. One way spanning slabs. Number of Main Bars = Ly / spacing + 1 = (4000/150) + 1 = 27 nos. 4.0 m 8.0m Loads carried by the slab are as follows: Unfactored dead load from self-weight of precast slabs, self-weight of steel beams and finishing = 5.5 kN/m 2 Unfactored imposed load = 4.3 kN/m Determine the . Like in the attached figure a floor load of 10kN in the -GY direction is applied . Simply supported slabs are classified as One way slabs and Two way slabs. The unfactored live load does not exceed 3 times the unfactored dead load. To distribute the load on a two-way slab, simply draw an isosceles triangle in its short direction and a trapezoid in its long direction as shown on the rest of the slab below. 3. Calculate the distribution reinforcement. Now convert kilo per metre into kilo Newton so load applied by Steel in slab is approx 0.10kN. structural load calculation, calculate load on beam, load beams, design calculation, concrete slab load capacity calculator, calculate the weight of i beam, beam design calculation, i beam load capacity calculator, beam load calculator, column, wall staircase Designing of slabs depends upon whether it is a one-way or a two-way slab, the end conditions and the loading. If no gap between the deck slab and the cross beams is maintained, the slab panel becomes a two-way slab continuous in both the direction. A concentrated load of 90,000 lbs in one square inch, or even a square foot, is much different than a distributed 90,000 lb load over 1000 square feet. (Load Calculations) Page 2 of 6 • SLAB LOAD CALCULATION • Self weight of slab = 7 x 1.5 x.12 (Depth of slab = .12) = 1.26 x25 ( unit weight of concrete = 25) = 31.5 = 31.5/7 = 4.5 kN/m DEAD LOAD = 4.5 kN/m • LIVE LOAD CALCULATION = 7 X 1.5 = 10.5 = 10.5 X 2 = 21 kN/m2 ( live load = 2) = 21/7 = 3 kN/m LIVE LOAD = 3 kN . From the slabs, the loads are transferred to the beam. Upon reaching the beam, the load travels to the end of a beam, which is connected to a girder. u is Poisson's ratio which is set to 0.15 in this module. The system of primary and secondary composite beams is prominatly a one-way system, so the floor deflections, moments and shears and going to be a superposition of the slab span, secondary and primary beams. Table 1: Approximate moments and shears for non-prestressed continuous beams and one-way slabs In two-way slab, the live load moments due to a concentrated or locally distributed load may be worked out by "Pigeaud's Method" but when the deck slab is not made monolithic with the cross beam i.e. Here, we will be going to use the height data for identifying the best distribution.So the first task is to plot the distribution using a histogram to . Dead load of brick wall: Weight = volume × density, Dead load = 0.38 m 3 × 2200 kg/m 3, Dead load = 836 kg/m It will be converted into kilo Newton by dividing with 100 we will get 8.36 kN/m So dead load of a brick wall is about 8.36 kN/m acting on column. Variation in successive spans 33% ( . In this example, the pressure load from the slab is transferred directly to the beams. ly = length of long side of the slab. Weight of steel = 10 kg/m2. I believe the discrepancy is that Westergaard assumed a thick bridge slab, where load may disperse through the slab thickness, and AU does not assume a slab thickness.
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